А инфинитив-то голый! (почти по Гансу Христиановичу Андерсену) Всем известно, что в английском на инфинитив указывает частица TO. Многим известно, что инфинитив может быть и без этой частицы, и в этом случае он называется ‘bare infinitive’ («голый инфинитив»). И совсем мало кто знает, что случаев, когда инфинитив используется без частицы to, - дофига. Начнем с самых очевидных, ниже пойдут конструкции, которых не учат в школе. 1) При использовании вспомогательных DO, DOES и DID (вопросы, отрицания и усиление утверждений) • Do you SPEAK Albanian? • He’s so dumb he doesn’t KNOW his ass from his elbow. • I did DO my homework but I had to burn it to keep the house warm. 2) После модальных глаголов (have to/ought to/need to не в счет) • Fuck you, fucking fuck! Now, if I may BE excused… • You can START looking for work. That’s how most people pay their bills. 3) Had better (= should), would rather (= would prefer to) • I'd better TELL her I love her or there will be hell to pay. • Would you rather GET lost now or should I call the cops? 4) В конструкции “Why (not)…? • Why BOTHER? Problems always take care of themselves. • Why not CALL him again? He may not have heard the phone the first fifty times. 5) После глаголов make, let, have и (по желанию) help • Voices in my head make me ACT like a jerk. • Let me GO and I promise I’ll kill you last. • Let’s (= let us) GET drunk and make a baby. • He’s afraid to burgle homes so he has his wife DO it for him. • Can you help me (to) TAKE out the trash? The eleventh bag is already outside. 6) После глаголов hear, see, watch, notice, feel, know. Русские преподы любят это называть сложным дополнением (Complex Object) • But I shot a man in Reno just to watch him DIE. (Johnny Cash) • I didn't even notice her STEAL my watch. 7) В конструкции, которая называется Subjunctive (читайте недавний пост у нас на стене). Вкратце – когда опускается should. • It’s imperative he (should) SEE me right now. • They kindly insisted that she (should) SHUT her fucking mouth. 8) Когда между двумя инфинитивами стоит одно из следующих слов: and, or, but, except, other than, than, as или like. • I’m ready TO DO anything but (TO) WORK in an office. • We had nothing TO DO except (TO) WATCH kittens on YouTube. • I can DO anything other than GET UP the moment the alarm goes off. • It’s way easier TO DO it yourself than (TO) EXPLAIN it to him. • For me, it’s as pleasant TO EAT as (TO) SLEEP. • I have TO WATCH my husband as well as (TO) LOOK after the children. • Why don’t you DO something useful like GET out of here? 9) В конструкциях DO … EXCEPT…, DO IS/WAS… • He does nothing except COMPLAIN. • I’ll do anything for you except GET a job. • All I wanna do is HAVE some fun. (Sheryl Crow) • What we did was LOCK him out of his own house. ======================= Короче, пользуйтесь. А ещё лучше - забирайте себе на стенку, чтобы поразить друзей глубиной своих познаний в лексике и грамматике.